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Migration and belonging

GCSE · English Literature · AQA · P2.A.PG — *Pigeon English* (Stephen Kelman) — childhood, faith, urban violence; Harri's narration; the pigeon's voice

Question

How does Kelman explore migration and belonging in Pigeon English? (30 marks)

Mark scheme guidance:

  • Harri carries Ghana in his memory: phone calls to Grandma Ama and Agnes; the heat; the different sounds.
  • He is learning England — football (Chelsea), slang, estate norms.
  • His desire to belong is energy and danger: the investigation is partly about proving himself as an estate member.
  • Lydia's different adaptation: she assimilates faster, in ways that worry the reader.
  • The estate's multiculturalism: Harri's world is genuinely diverse.
  • Context: West African diaspora; the specific experience of the second wave of Ghanaian immigration; the tension between cultural memory and assimilation.

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Generated by TopMyGrade AI · cross-check official sources before relying on the mark-scheme phrasing.