Comparison of population structures.

Question (6 marks): Compare the population structures of a developed country with low population growth and a developing country with high population growth.

Mark scheme (6 marks — AO3, level-marked):

• Level 3 (5–6): clear, two-way comparison using both case studies with quoted figures and reference to pyramid shape.
• Level 2 (3–4): description of each rather than direct comparison.
• Level 1 (1–2): partial or one-sided answer.

Indicative content (Japan vs Niger):

Indicator	Japan	Niger
Pyramid shape	inverted/constrictive	wide-based/expansive
% under 15	12%	50%
% over 65	29%	2.6%
Median age	49.5	14.5
TFR	1.20	6.7
Life expectancy	84.6	63

Credit reference to Demographic Transition Model — Japan Stage 5, Niger Stage 2.